Sweeney shoulder is a rare but devastating injury for horses.

Eight months after surgery, Fancy enjoyed romping in the pasture. The muscles affected by the injury were still noticeably smaller than normal, but she continued to improve. Photo courtesy Rebekah Ellis.

From America’s Horse

For Rebekah Ellis, it was a horse owner’s worst nightmare when she found her horse shaking uncontrollably in the corner of the pasture in May 2009, unable to walk after apparently being kicked by another horse.

“It was awful,” Rebekah says about finding her beloved horse, Fancy Bonanza Doll. “I tried to move her, but she would not budge. I called the vet out, and there was no visible injury that we could see. He finally got her to walk by smacking his hat to her butt. Her walk was horrific.”

Diagnosis

Rebekah had three vets from the Kenosha, Wisconsin, area examine “Fancy,” with little success at a diagnosis. She then took the mare to a specialist, who determined that it was an injury to the suprascapular nerve, a condition commonly called “Sweeney shoulder.”

The suprascapular nerve controls the shoulder muscles that bring the front leg forward. Without proper nerve function, the muscles along the shoulder blade cannot function correctly. The muscles degenerate, and the horse is unable to move her leg properly.

Dr. Ed Boldt of Performance Horse Complementary Medicine Services in Fort Collins, Colorado, explains that the condition was first seen more than a century ago as the result of poor-fitting harness on working draft horses. The collar placed too much pressure on the nerve and caused damage.

To receive America’s Horse magazine and other great benefits, join AQHA today.

With working draft horses much less common, now the Sweeney shoulder condition is usually caused by a traumatic injury, according to Dr. Justin Harper of Texas Specialty Veterinary Services in Boerne, Texas. He says most cases are seen after a natural disaster like a hurricane or tornado when horses spook and run into a tree or other object and cause traumatic damage to the shoulder. A blow to the area can also cause it, like with Rebekah’s horse being kicked.

Since the condition is now much more rare, many vets are unfamiliar with the injury. Dr. Boldt says in his 26 years of veterinary practice, he has seen fewer than 10 horses with Sweeney shoulder injuries.

At first, the symptoms may be hard to pinpoint.

“If the nerve is damaged, the horse will not want to put his leg forward,” Dr. Boldt says. “Sometimes that will be subtle, but then over time, the muscle starts withering and shrinking because it doesn’t have that nerve supply. In an advanced case, the muscle in the front part of the shoulder, right on the shoulder blade, is going to be atrophied.”

Prognosis

As with most injuries, the quicker the horse owner or veterinarian identifies the problem and begins treatment, the more likely the horse is to make a full recovery. However with a damaged nerve, the prognosis is uncertain.

If you suspect your horse has this condition, Dr. Harper recommends a full examination with radiographs to rule out fractures of the forelimb. After diagnosis of Sweeney shoulder, the horse should receive a regimen of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and pain medication. The horse should also be on a controlled-exercise regimen and physical therapy.

Dr. Boldt has treated horses with suprascapular nerve damage using electrostimulation therapy with some success.

“It is basically electroacupuncture, running electricity through the affected area similar to a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit in people.”

This approach helps give the nerve time to heal while controlling the horse’s pain and keeping the horse active so the muscle doesn’t atrophy.

Dr. Harper explains: “With any injury of the musculoskeletal system in the horse or any other animal, pain causes the problem to become worse over time, so if you can break that pain cycle, then the animal is going to use that leg or limb and therefore eliminate some of the secondary complications that happen from nerve injury or muscle injury, such as contraction and disuse atrophy.”

Dr. Harper adds, “Usually it takes three to 12 months for recovery from this injury, with literature reports suggesting that greater than 80 percent of horses diagnosed with this injury will recovery without surgery.”

Of the cases Dr. Boldt treated without surgery, one was able to return to the show pen. About 50 percent of the horses treated saw some improvement, and one horse didn’t improve at all.

Surgical Option

Unfortunately, Fancy didn’t respond. After 45 days of no improvement, Rebekah and her veterinarian went with Plan B: surgery.

“For the ones that don’t respond medically, the procedure is a decompression surgery,” Dr. Harper explains. “The surgeon debrides (removes) the scar tissue in the neck of the scapula (shoulder blade), so it doesn’t put as much pressure on the nerve.”

In Fancy’s case, the veterinarian removed a small part of the shoulder blade near the nerve, Rebekah says. The surgery allowed the nerve more room to heal without the pressure of the bone or scar tissue.

As with most surgeries, there are risks.

“The problem is, you usually end up grinding part of the scapular neck off, and that can create a weakening of the bone,” Dr. Harper says. “So at any point, the horse can fracture the neck of its scapula, especially during recovery.”

Learn which membership fits your lifestyle and the benefits of becoming an AQHA member today.

Recovery

Rebekah remained hopeful the surgery would restore Fancy to her former self. Rebekah took the mare to Equispa of Bristol, Wisconsin, to recover after surgery. There, she underwent physical therapy and gradually increased hand-walking time.

“Her walk got better each day, but she had to wear bell boots for a while because her front feet were hitting each other.” After two months at the therapy center, Fancy finally returned home.

“When I brought her home, she was kept in an injury pen for a few more months,” Rebekah says. “After much improvement in her walk, I turned her out by herself and let her run. Seeing her run and buck was such an amazing moment.”

Sweeney shoulder may be a rare, severe injury, but it’s something Rebekah thinks more horse owners should be aware of. Rebekah has chronicled Fancy’s injury and progress to help other horse owners understand this condition in a video available on YouTube.com.

In May 2010, one year after the horrific day of the accident, Fancy was allowed back with other horses, much to her excitement.

Rebekah says, “It’s all about taking things one step at a time.”

New confirmed cases of equine herpesvirus-1 raise concern.

Pfizer encourages horse owners to vaccinate regularly and quarantine when horses return from a trip to ensure a healthy stable. AVMA photo.

From AQHA Corporate Partner Pfizer

Outbreaks of diseases such as equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (the neurological form of equine herpesvirus-1), eastern equine encephalomyelitis and West Nile virus have spread across the country over the past few years, raising concern among horse owners. These outbreaks have scared many into not competing at venues they may have gone to in the past. Some have stopped traveling with their horses altogether, while others have taken precautions but continue to show their horses as planned.

2012 has barely just begun, but it has not been disease-free for horses in the United States. On January 5, equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy, or EHM, also referred to as neurological rhino, was confirmed in a mare in North Carolina¹. In addition, as of January 13, five horses have tested positive for EHV-1 in Orange County, California².

Many equestrians have already made their move to the warmer climates of California, Florida and Texas to compete in the winter circuits. With the help of your veterinarian and careful precautionary measures, experts suggest that there is no reason not to compete as usual.

To receive America’s Horse magazine and other great benefits, join AQHA today.

All horses, whether they are competing or staying on the farm, should be vaccinated against the core diseases, including tetanus, eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis, West Nile virus and rabies. In addition, depending on the region, veterinarians may recommend vaccinating against some of the risk-based diseases, such as equine herpesvirus, equine influenza and strangles. Be sure to consult a veterinarian about which vaccines may be necessary for your horse. For horses that do a great deal of traveling, vaccinations alone may not be enough. In these instances, many veterinarians recommend adding an immunomodulator to help support and boost your horse’s immune system.

Stress from traveling may have a negative effect on a horse’s immune system. Using an immunomodulator can help stimulate and prepare a horse’s immune system to function more effectively. Immunomodulators should be administered prior to exposure to stressful situations, such as horse shows, transportation or exposure to disease. ZYLEXIS® from Pfizer Animal Health is a demonstrated safe and effective immunomodulator that helps to reduce upper respiratory disease caused by EHV-1 and EHV-4. Immunomodulators should not be used in horses with a fever or showing signs of clinical disease. Owners should discuss their options with a veterinarian.

“As a trainer and horse owner, I don’t want to do anything to put my horses in danger or risk the time and money spent to get them performance-ready,” says AQHA member Corey Cushing of Corey Cushing Performance Horses. “I trust that the barn managers and grounds official have taken biosecurity precautions. However, giving my horses ZYLEXIS gives me and my clients added peace of mind knowing I am doing everything possible to help keep my horses protected.”

Gina Miles, 2008 individual Olympic silver medalist in eventing, requires all of her horses and clients’ horses traveling to receive ZYLEXIS.

“Any time I travel long distances or fly my horses internationally, I give them the required three doses of ZYLEXIS,” Gina says. “I have incorporated ZYLEXIS into my preventative health care program for many years, and it has been shown to be very successful.”

“Traveling puts a lot of stress on all horses, from the young horse just starting (his) show career to the seasoned veteran. At my facility, we take equine herpesvirus respiratory outbreaks very seriously. However, with the aid of ZYLEXIS, we have not had to alter our show schedule,” Corey says.

Learn which membership fits your lifestyle and the benefits of becoming an AQHA member today.

Equine herpesvirus can largely be avoided by instituting and maintaining standard biosecurity measures. Some of the easiest protocols to implement include separate food and water buckets for each horse, individual tack that is not shared from horse to horse and quarantining horses returning to the facility after shows, sales and trail rides. Other items that should not be shared include twitches, lip chains, halters or other items that may touch a horse’s eyes, nose or mouth. Practice good barn hygiene when you arrive at the destination facility and daily on the farm. Disinfect stalls prior to moving your horses in and don’t forget that the trailer needs to be disinfected regularly, as well.

Infectious diseases can break out anytime and anywhere. As horse owners, if you do your part to help limit stress and boost your horses’ immune system, keep them current on their vaccinations and practice biosecurity at home and on the road, you are well on your way to a healthy, successful show season.

¹Neurologic EHV-1 Confirmed in North Carolina Horse. January 6, 2012. Available at: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=19400&src=topic. Accessed on January 18, 2012.

²Larson, Erica. California EHV-1 Case Total Rises to Five. January 16, 2012. Available at: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=19449&src=topic. Accessed on: January 18, 2012.

Keeping good records can help horse owners track behavioral and medical problems.

Kelly Hess realized her barrel racing horse's performance suffered after she purchased a new saddle. Journal photo.

From The American Quarter Horse Journal

When Kelly Hess started riding Stats Master in August 2003, the palomino gelding was everything she wanted in a green barrel horse.

Kelly and “Tater” were making good progress, steadily improving their run times. Then in March 2004, they hit a performance wall.

“He quit turning the first barrel,” Kelly says.

That’s a problem for a barrel racer. Kelly began trying to track the issue.

Small improvements would be followed by big disasters.

“It was horrible,” Kelly says. “He was mad, he pawed, he reared in the alley. Horrible, horrible, and it’s not like my horse. He’s very low-key, always. So I knew there was something wrong, and I had no idea what it was.”

Finally Kelly, who videotapes all her barrel runs, sat down and watched the videos of Tater, comparing them to the simple, complete records she keeps on each horse. She tagged the culprit: a new saddle.

Learn about the genetics behind coat colors in Quarter Horse Coat Colors, a report discussing all 17 recognized Quarter Horse colors.

“When I went back and looked at the date I purchased this saddle, that’s when things started falling apart,” she says, pointing to an entry in her books. “That’s February 7. A month later is when I started having problems. The saddle did not fit. It was evidently pinching him really badly in the withers.

“Evidently it was just (pinching on) the first (barrel), because the second and third barrels were fine.”

Keeping good records helped Kelly track her performance issue.

Can it help you?

Dr. Tom R. Lenz, who writes a veterinary health column for the Journal, thinks so.

“Good, accurate health records are a must and help determine any changes in the horse’s health,” he says.

And a change in performance is most likely linked to a change in health.

“By far, the most common cause of an unexpected performance decline or refusal to do tasks would be lameness or some type of pain,” Dr. Lenz says. “Osteoarthritis, tendon injuries or navicular disease all cause horses to cut back the intensity of their performance.”

Burnout would be a second reason for performance to decline, Dr. Lenz says, requiring time off from intense work for recovery.

The third reason – improper tack fit – is closely related to the first reason, pain.

“This is a more common problem than we have previously been aware of and causes pain as the horse performs,” Dr. Lenz says.

When your horse’s performance changes, it’s time to consult your equine veterinarian.

“A good thorough examination by your veterinarian is the first step in evaluating the horse to determine the problem,” Dr. Lenz says.

Kelly’s instinct to check her videos was a good one. Dr. Lenz says the horse owner and veterinarian can put such information to work when tracking performance issues.

“Previous videos would provide a comparison of how the horse used to move and how it currently moves, which would be beneficial,” he says.

Kelly keeps her records as a simple computer document listing of services that she can hand to her accountant at year’s end. She keeps up with money coming in – barrel race winnings – and money going out in separate lists by date. She has lists for veterinary and chiropractic services; tack; feed and supplements; barn improvements; entry fees; and miscellaneous.

In addition to the routine changes listed in this article, keep records of your breeding operations. For information about the genetics behind coat colors, download Quarter Horse Coat Colors, a 12-part series.

For example, the veterinary services page lists the date, veterinarian, a brief description of the treatment, the mileage involved, her check number and the amount. As she writes the checks, she types the information into her records. It’s a simple system that works for her.

Consult your accountant for the best way to organize your horse records.

Dr. Lenz suggests horse owners keep their health records, at least, by date.

Although your veterinarian should have those treatment records, you can duplicate them at home.

“It’s a good idea for the owner to keep records on things they do themselves, such as dewormings,” he says. “It depends on how many horses you have and what you do with them as to the amount of detail you include in the record. Not eating, a decrease in performance and respiratory infections are things that should be noted.”

You and your equine practitioner can look at the list and determine whether there is a pattern.

Kelly determined her pattern, and that pattern determined her course of action: her saddle hit the auction block, and she bought a new one.

“(The seller) told me I could try it first,” Kelly says. “I went and put it on my horse. Within 20 minutes, my horse was a completely different horse.”

Problem solved.

Getting Started

Even people who aren’t computer-inclined can create health records for their horses.

Most veterinarians have owner health records they can provide the owner to track routine care such as vaccinations and dewormings, Dr. Lenz says.

“In addition, most animal health companies have tri-fold medical records that they hand out,” he says. “The best advice I can give is to have the owners talk to their own veterinarians about specific medical record recommendations for their horses.”

Those requirements will vary from veterinarian to veterinarian and the different parts of the country where different vaccinations, for example, might be needed.

Dr. Lenz, a past president of the American Association of Equine Practitioners who currently chairs the group’s welfare committee, suggested that horse owners keep the records, by date, for as long they own the horse.

“They should consider transferring the records to the new owner if they sell a horse,” he says.

Help protect the horses on the road and the herd on the farm from unwanted diseases.

Don't leave your winning ride to chance by not properly protecting your horse from disease. Journal photo.

From AQHA Corporate Partner Pfizer

Travel has become a way of life for many American Quarter Horses and riders competing on the regional and national AQHA circuits. Many start early in January covering long distances to earn points, coveted titles and a chance to qualify for one of the AQHA world shows. While transportation is necessary for competition horses, it can be stressful for even the most seasoned traveler. With a wellness care program, horse owners can help minimize the stress of travel and help keep horses healthy and physically ready to perform. It’s not only important to take precautions for those horses on the road, but it is also imperative to help protect the herd on the farm from any diseases that could be brought in.

Keeping a horse comfortable and hydrated during transport is vital to helping reduce stress. There are a variety of opinions about the direction in which horses should travel — forward, backward or diagonal — and the correct answer may depend on the horse’s preference and trailer design. For horses who find transport stressful, a change in orientation may be worth trying. Try to keep sheets, blankets and other protective wear to a minimum in warm or hot weather and keep the horses as well-ventilated as possible. Horses that are given forage to eat during transport tend to fare better than those that are not. Fiber will help keep the horse occupied, hydrated and help ensure a healthy gut¹.

Read the HYPP Survival Guide, an AQHA FREE report, for complete information about handling this neurological disease.

Careful management during travel and other times of stress can help reduce health risks to horses. Owners need to carefully monitor horses for symptoms such as weight loss, elevated body temperature, lethargy or lack of appetite. Often, these systems are due to dehydration or the physical energy expelled by the horse in the trailer. Also, colic symptoms or laminitis can be caused by stress. Any unusual symptoms or signs of distress should be noted, and owners should consult with a veterinarian for appropriate treatment.

Stress from traveling may affect a horse’s immune system due to the release of stress hormones and dehydration from sweating. Using an immunomodulator can help stimulate and prepare a horse’s immune system to function more effectively. Immunomodulators should be administered prior to exposure to stressful situations such as horse shows, transportation or exposure to disease. ZYLEXIS® from Pfizer Animal Health is a demonstrated safe and effective immunomodulator that helps to reduce upper respiratory disease caused by equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4. Immunomodulators should not be used in horses with a fever or showing signs of clinical disease. Owners should discuss their options with a veterinarian.

Ensuring that horses are current on their vaccinations is important to the health of any horse, whether they are traveling or at home on the farm. Pfizer Animal Health’s equine product portfolio includes a number of vaccines, including WEST-NILE® INNOVATOR, FLUVAC® INNOVATOR and PINNACLE® I.N. Be sure to consult with a veterinarian before starting any vaccination program.

Horses that typically stay on the farm can be susceptible to contracting diseases from horses after they return from a show. Working with a veterinarian to help keep these horses current on their vaccinations and deworming program can help protect them from contracting unwanted diseases. Whenever possible, it is a good idea to keep horses returning from a competition separated from the herd for two weeks. Taking show horses’ temperatures daily for a week after returning home from competition is a good management practice to catch any potential illness early².

Want to know how to prevent HYPP attacks? AQHA’s FREE HYPP Survival Guide report teaches you how reducing stress for your horse can help manage attacks.

Simple biosecurity practices can also help protect horses that are traveling, as well as the remainder of the herd. Keep your facility and trailers clean and try to minimize insect populations, because they (as well as opossums, skunks and other critters) can all carry and transmit a disease agent². Practice good barn hygiene when you arrive at the destination facility and daily on the farm. Disinfect stalls prior to moving your horses in and do not use common water buckets or feed areas at event grounds. Other items that should not be shared include twitches, lip chains, halters or other items that may touch a horse’s eyes, nose or mouth.

Simple practices at home and on the road can help reduce stress on horses and help keep the whole herd healthy. The winter season can be an especially stressful time, as often horses that are traveling to winter venues are crossing back and forth between warm and cold climates, which can increase their risk of contracting infectious disease. Be sure to consult a veterinarian at any signs of illness.

All brands are the property of Pfizer Inc., its affiliates, and/or its licensors. ©2012 Pfizer Inc. All rights reserved

^1. Marlin, David. Reducing Travel Stress for your Horse. July 23, 2009. Available at: http://www.horseandhound.co.uk/horse-care-index/1370/286681.html. Accessed on December 6, 2011.
^2. Corum, Stephanie. Creating a Horse Quarantine. TheHorse.com. September 12, 2011. Available at: http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=18815. Accessed on December 6, 2011.

A barrel-racing enthusiast becomes a believer.

Barrel racer Jessica Abel and her horse Flash N Frenchman prevent equine stomach ulcers caused by the stress of training and competing. Photo courtesy of Merial.

 From AQHA Corporate Partner Merial  

When barrel racer Jessica Abel of Holton, Kansas, tried to get her American Quarter Horse Flash N Frenchman ready for a run at the Lincoln Barrel Bash & Hawki Futurity, she was unpleasantly surprised. 

“When I went to saddle him before the race on Friday, he was extremely agitated and was kicking and biting at me. His behavior was completely out of character; he just is not that kind of horse,” she says. 

When Jessica shared his behavior and other clinical signs with her two veterinarians, they both made the presumptive diagnosis that Flash N Frenchman (also known as “Duke”) could be suffering from equine stomach ulcers. Because of the travel distance required to have Duke undergo a gastric endoscopic examination, both veterinarians advised Jessica to forego the diagnostic procedure and try treating Duke using Gastrogard (omeprazole), the only FDA-approved product for the treatment of equine stomach ulcers.¹ 

In AQHA’s FREE Potomac Horse Fever report, learn how to help prevent this health issue and how to recognize its symptoms. 

“Three-meter endoscopes are expensive investments for veterinarians, so not every practice has one,” says Dr. April Knudson, equine specialist for Merial. “Even without gastric endoscopy, however, it is possible to make a presumptive diagnosis that a horse is likely to be suffering from equine stomach ulcers. By evaluating clinical signs such as a horse’s attitude, behavior, coat condition and eating habits, veterinarians can conclude stomach ulcers might be the problem and recommend treatment accordingly.” 

Horses like Duke, who travel and compete, can experience stress, which may lead to the development of stomach ulcers.² In fact, as many as 93 percent of race horses,³ 63 percent of nonracing performance horses⁴ and 51 percent of foals⁵ have been found to have equine stomach ulcers. 

Jessica started Duke on the 28-day treatment and is happy with the results thus far. 

“The difference in Duke has been amazing,” she says. “I can saddle him without dodging his feet and teeth. He is back to his old agreeable self.” 

Having Duke feeling his best is important to Jessica, not only because she wants what is best for him, but also because Duke has to feel his best to perform well in the more than 50 barrel racing events they compete in each year. The horse and rider team participates in regional and national competitions throughout the Midwest. 

After Duke completes his 28-day Gastrogard treatment, Jessica plans to follow up with Ulcergard (omeprazole), the only FDA-approved product to help prevent stomach ulcers in horses. She was introduced to Ulcergard and the concept of ulcer prevention through the Ulcergard Trial Program. 

“We have been working with horse owners one-on-one at different show and event venues around the country to educate them about the prevalence of equine stomach ulcers and how to help prevent them,” says Dr. Knudson. “As part of the program, horse owners participating in the selected events can receive two free tubes of the product to try.” 

Although like many other horse owners, Jessica was unfamiliar with the prevalence of equine stomach ulcers and how even activities considered normal can lead to stress and ulcer development,² she now knows more. 

Keep your horse in the show ring by learning about Potomac Horse Fever in AQHA’s FREE report. 

“Having information about equine stomach ulcers, the number of horses impacted and how easily they can occur has been very helpful to me. I now know a lot more about equine stomach ulcers and am committed to helping prevent them before they become a problem,” she says. 

For more information about equine stomach ulcers, go to www.ulcergard.com 

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
Caution: Safety of Gastrogard in pregnant or lactating mares has not been determined. 

Ulcergard can be used in horses that weigh at least 600 pounds. Safety in pregnant mares has not been determined. 

About Merial
Merial is a world-leading, innovation-driven animal health company, providing a comprehensive range of products to enhance the health, well-being and performance of a wide range of animals. Merial employs approximately 5,600 people and operates in more than 150 countries worldwide. Its 2010 sales were more than $2.6 billion. Merial is a Sanofi company. 

For more information, please see www.merial.com. 

1 Gastrogard product label.
2 Ulcergard product label.
3 Murray MJ et al. Factors associated with gastric lesions in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J. 1996;28:368-374.
4 Mitchell Rd. Prevalence of gastric ulcers in hunter-jumper and dressage horses evaluated for poor performance. Association of Equine Sports Medicine, September, 2011.
5 Murray MJ. Endoscopic appearance of gastric lesions in foals: 94 cases (1987-1988). JAVMA. 1989;195(8):1135-1141. 

®Gastrogard and Ulcergard are registered trademarks of Merial Limited.
©2011 Merial Limited, Duluth, Georgia. All rights reserved. EQUIUGD1144 (12/11)

Know the three A’s of EPM symptoms in horses.

In a neurological test, a normal horse can resist a pull on the tail. Journal photo.

From The American Quarter Horse Journal

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a neurological disease caused by a tiny parasite. Opossums carry the parasite, and horses contract the disease by eating feed or drinking water contaminated by opossum feces.

The EPM symptoms in horses include the three A’s: Asymmetrical ataxia (incoordination) with or without muscle atrophy (degeneration).

EPM Symptoms in Horses

Signs of EPM vary from horse to horse, depending on where the protozoa attack the nervous system. Onset of the disease is most common in summer and fall months, and symptoms can develop slowly or present themselves within several days. They can range from mild to severe. Often the first indications are stiffness, asymmetrical gaits and cranial nerve deficits. Symptoms include ataxia (incoordination), spasticity (stiffness, abnormal gaits or lameness, muscle atrophy, paralysis, difficulty swallowing, head tilt, seizures and collapse, abnormal sweating, loss of sensation and poor balance). Incoordination and weakness are often exacerbated by going up or down slopes or movement when the head is elevated. Cranial nerves control function of the head, so if affected, the horse might have paralysis of the face, problems coordinating actions (chewing, dropping feed, etc.), swallowing or vocalizing.

“I’ve had people report that they noticed when the horse whinnied, it sounded different,” Dr. Kenton Morgan, an equine veterinary specialist for Pfizer Animal Health, says.

A horse suspected of having the disease should be inspected by a veterinarian as soon as possible. The first step is a general examination, followed by a neurological exam. The neurological exam includes assessing the cranial nerve function and working down the body to make sure the sensations are normal. Neurological deficiencies are scored from 0 (none) to 4 (obvious abnormalities). Cranial nerve checks include making sure the nerves that control eye dilation, blinking and the gag reflex work properly. Problems the vet might watch for in the neck include lack of flexibility or abnormal muscling. The vet will perform a panniculus reflex test, using a blunt object (such as a ballpoint pen) to press on the skin all the way down the backbone. A normal horse will twitch the skin, as if trying to rid himself of a fly. There are also gait assessments (known as proprioceptive tests) that include watching the horse back, circle and move on an incline. The examiner might also test the horse’s balance by pulling his tail while walking. If the horse loses his balance or is unable to resist the pull, this shows neurological damage. At a halt, the vet will also move one of the horse’s legs across his opposing leg to check the horse’s awareness of where his feet are (the horse should return the moved leg to its normal position within 30 seconds).

EPM is a devastating disease. Learn all you can about it and be prepared in case it happens to your horse. Let AQHA help with our FREE EPM report.

If there are signs of EPM, an owner might choose to start treatment without knowing for sure what it is. However, to confirm a diagnosis, a blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis can be done on the horse. The blood test will only tell if the horse has been exposed to the protozoa, not if he has the disease. A spinal tap, however, will reveal if the protozoa has accessed the nervous system.

Studies estimate that only 40 percent of horses affected by the disease are able to recover fully, although according to Dr. Morgan, up to 60 percent are able to improve to some degree following treatment.

EPM Quick Symptoms Checklist

• Incoordination (ataxia): stiff, stilted movements (spasticity); abnormal gait or lameness.

• Incoordination and weakness that worsens when going up or down slopes or when the head is elevated.

• Muscle atrophy, most noticeable along the topline or in the large muscles of the hindquarters, but sometimes involving the muscles of the face or front limbs.

Since approximately 50 percent of U.S. horses have been exposed to the organism responsible for EPM, it is extremely important to know the signs of infection. Early detection and treatment are key to recovery. Download AQHA’s FREE EPM report to start protecting your horse.

• Paralysis of muscles of the eyes, face or front limbs.

• Difficulty swallowing.

• Seizures or collapse.

• Abnormal sweating.

• Loss of sensation along the face, neck or body.

• Head tilt with poor balance; horse may assume a splay-footed stance or lean against stall walls for support.

It’s a standard procedure to pull the wolf teeth in a riding horse.

This diagram shows the location of wolf teeth. Journal illustration.

From The American Quarter Horse Journal

They say they are annoying to the horse.

They cause bitting problems.

They are not needed.

They need to be pulled.

These are the comments from trainer who routinely have wolf teeth pulled from riding horses.

“As a general rule, I recommend that  wolf teeth be pulled on all horses, and I would especially advise doing so on performance horses and racehorses,” says equine practitioner and reining horse competitor Dr. Tim Bartlett of Vincennes, Indiana. “It’s one less problem to worry about, and there is no purpose for them.”

Wolf teeth are frequently present in front of the second premolar, or first cheek tooth, and are the first permanent premolars to erupt in the horse’s mouth. They are usually located on both sides of the upper jaw, but they can also form in the lower jaw and if found there are often smaller.

“Occasionally, only one tooth may develop,” Dr. Bartlett says.

In AQHA’s FREE Riding Dressage report, the industry’s best horse trainers show you how to get started in the exciting sport of dressage.

These horse wolf teeth appear in both sexes, and generally erupt by the fifth or sixth month, whereas the neighboring permanent second premolar doesn’t surface until 2 1/2 years. Wolf teeth have considerable variation in shape, size and location. They could be two to three centimeters in front of the second premolar or could even be imbedded against it. Usually they are somewhat tubercular, but occasionally one is observed with a crown, resembling a small molar.

“They can be anywhere from flat and sharp to round. The size of a wolf tooth can be from five to approximately 15 millimeters wide,” Dr. Bartlett says.

Wolf teeth are vestigial teeth, meaning they are remnants of teeth that were well developed in the Eocene ancestors of the horse. However, in the modern horse, they appear to have no function. Dr. Bartlett speculates that since horse wolf teeth are similar in appearance to canine teeth but smaller, that is probably why they are called wolf teeth.

Horses that shake or throw their heads, duck away and mouth the bit could be experiencing wolf-teeth problems.

“People have become more aware of mouth problems, rather than thinking it’s just the horse’s attitude,” Dr. Bartlett says. “I have found that as a veterinarian and rider, a lot of training problems can be eliminated by routine dental care.”

When a rider is having trouble bitting a horse, he should look in the animal’s mouth or have his veterinarian examine the horse to see if there might be a reason why the horse is rejecting the bit.

Often, snaffle bits will irritate wolf teeth when they are pulled up into the corners of the horse’s mouth. Wolf teeth are even more of a problem in the lower jaw.

“Any bit, but particularly one with a heavy, solid mouthpiece, can cause swelling and pain when it hits the tooth,” Dr. Bartlett says. “There are some cases where wolf teeth won’t bother a horse and he adapts to having them. But I’ve also known where bitting has caused wolf teeth to shatter and break off, which may result in abscesses and a more compound problem. Although it may be possible to fight through such situations, it’s much better to remove the teeth.”

Dr. Bartlett explains that the easiest time to remove wolf teeth is when they first erupt through the gum line.

“I like to remove them when the horse is a long yearling or 2-year-old, and before you put a bit in its mouth,” he says.

One of the problems of removing the teeth too early is that they will tend to break off. Also, if the teeth have not broken the gum line, it’s more painful to the horse to dig them out.

“I think it’s important to remove the tooth intact – the whole tooth and the root. Occasionally, I might break one off, particularly a small, deeply rooted tooth that’s somewhat fragile. Usually, it won’t cause any problems if it’s broken off below the gum line. I’ll smooth that tooth to remove any rough edges, and I advise the owner to make sure that the tooth does not grow back through the gum line at a later date.”

The removal of wolf teeth is much simpler than extracting permanent cheek teeth, which is a difficult job, requiring considerable force and usually performed under general anesthesia. Since wolf teeth are normally small, with short roots, they usually can be removed relatively easily by using only a tranquilizer-analgesic combination.

“I almost always use a twitch on the horse or other forms of mechanical restraint, and I will use stocks if they are available,” Dr. Bartlett says. “Also, if I happen to have a young horse under general anesthesia for a minor or routine procedure, such as castration, and if time and conditions permit, I will examine the mouth and perform dental procedures such as the removal of wolf teeth. There are also some difficult wolf teeth extractions that require general anesthesia.”

After examining the mouth and before extracting wolf teeth, the veterinarian will flush the mouth with water and a mild disinfectant. He will begin by floating the horse’s teeth. “I’m careful not to disturb the wolf teeth,” Dr. Bartlett says.

In the Riding Dressage report, you can prepare to show dressage with nine lessons from AQHA Professional Horsewoman Carla Wennberg.

When Dr. Bartlett is ready to detach the wolf teeth, he uses dental elevators, which loosen the gum tissue around the tooth. With the elevators, he will work up under the tooth and then pry it loose. He may also use wolf teeth forceps to aid in the tooth’s removal.

While extracting wolf teeth, Dr. Bartlett will often pull the deciduous incisors (caps) and the deciduous premolars and molars as needed.

“You need to pull the teeth when they are ready to come out or these teeth will fall out, but a lot of these will have to be manually extracted.”

After removing the teeth, Dr. Bartlett re-examines the mouth and may choose to refloat the teeth near the wolf teeth. He recommends giving the horse a week to 10 days of rest in order to heal.

“If you are on a tight training schedule, you can ride the colt with a hackamore or side-pull,” Dr. Bartlett says.

Most trainers are adamant about pulling wolf teeth, and to most veterinarians, it’s a standard procedure. For the horse, it’s one way to keep him liking the bit.

Some products just don’t make “cents.”

Stress often triggers ulcers, which can develop very quickly. Journal illustration.

From AQHA Corporate Partner Merial

Dr. Kevin Keane of Sports Medicine Associates of Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, has a list of clients that ranges from hall of fame race horse trainers to Olympic-level riders in multiple disciplines. As veterinarian to these top horsemen and women, he also sees horses involved in every level of competition and training and knows from experience that all of them can be prone to developing equine stomach ulcers.¹

Given the number of horses Dr. Keane sees annually, it isn’t surprising that he diagnoses and treats hundreds of them for equine stomach ulcers, which studies have found occur in 63 percent of non-racing competitive horses¹ and can develop in as few as five days.²

In his practice, he relies routinely on gastroscopy to make definitive diagnoses of equine stomach ulcers. While Dr. Keane initially used Gastrogard (omeprazole) to treat ulcers in the horses he saw, he had clients who began asking about compounded omeprazole products.

“When the economy weakened, some of my clients were looking for other options to treat equine stomach ulcers.”

The American Quarter Horse Journal has brought its readers the greatest events, introduced them to legendary horses and people and provided tips on riding, training, racing, management and health.

What Dr. Keane quickly discovered, based on repeat gastric endoscopy in these patients, is that unapproved compounded omeprazole and other products claiming to treat stomach ulcers were often ineffective.

“Because we weren’t seeing a good response to many of these other products, we collected our own in-house data over time.”

Based on his experience, Dr. Keane switched back to Gastrogard, the only FDA-approved and proven product to treat equine stomach ulcers. He is a firm believer in the product and now readily shares that information with his clients.

“Whenever I walk into a barn and see another product claiming to do what Gastrogard does, I share with them what our clinical findings have been.”

Research backs up Dr. Keane’s opinion, with results of one study showing that the compounded omeprazole formulations tested only contained between 6 and 76 percent of their labeled values.³ The lack of active ingredient in these products renders them virtually useless in the treatment of equine gastric ulcers. Furthermore, only the Merial brands use proprietary technology that is proven to protect the omeprazole from degradation while passing through the stomach and into the small intestine, which is critical for proper absorption and therefore efficacy. Both factors are very important to the success of an ulcer treatment regimen with omeprazole.

Join the 235,000 people who read the Journal each month, including more AQHA judges and professionals than any other publication.

Besides offering Gastrogard, which treats equine stomach ulcers, Merial also offers Ulcergard (omeprazole), which prevents stomach ulcers. Once daily administration of Ulcergard is recommended in horses exposed to stressful conditions or activities that may induce stomach ulcers in horses.⁴

More information about equine stomach ulcers, their treatment and prevention is available at www.ulcergard.com.

Important Safety Information:
Caution: Safety of Gastrogard in pregnant or lactating mares has not been determined.

Ulcergard (omeprazole) can be used in horses that weigh at least 600 pounds. The effectiveness of Ulcergard in the prevention of gastric ulcers in foals and weanlings has not been evaluated. Ulcergard may be used safely in breeding stallions. Safety in pregnant mares has not been determined.

About Merial
Merial is a world-leading, innovation-driven animal health company, providing a comprehensive range of products to enhance the health, well-being and performance of a wide range of animals. Merial employs approximately 5,600 people and operates in more than 150 countries worldwide. Its 2010 sales were more than $2.6 billion. Merial is a Sanofi company.

For more information, visit www.merial.com.

¹ Mitchell RD. Prevalence of gastric ulcers in hunter/jumper and dressage horses evaluated for poor performance. Association for Equine Sports Medicine, September 2001.
² McClure SR, Carithers DS, Gross SJ, Murray MJ. Gastric ulcer development in horses in a simulated show or training environment. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005;227(5):775-777.
³ Data on file at Merial.
⁴ Ulcergard product label.

®Merial, Ulcergard and Gastrogard are registered trademarks of Merial. ©2011 Merial Limited, Duluth, GA. All rights reserved. EQUIUGD1143 (11/11)

Not all foals are born with straight legs.

This diagram illustrates the carpal region when viewed from the front of the horse. Journal illustration.

By Dr. Susan M. Stover in The American Quarter Horse Journal

Crooked legs often worry a breeder or owner.

Many times, these irregularities end up being temporary and correct themselves, but sometimes, therapy must be taken early on to correct a more serious irregularity.

An angular limb deformity is defined as the condition where the bones of the forelimb are not aligned in a straight line, When the forelimbs are viewed from the front of the horse, a line dropped from the point of the shoulder should bisect the forearm (radius), knee (carpus), cannon bone (metacarpus), ankle (fetlock), pastern bones and hoof. If any of these bones are out of line, an angular limb deformity is present.

Deformities can be classified as congenital or acquired, depending on the foal’s age when the deformity is recognized. Congenital deformities are those present at birth. Acquired deformities develop after birth, in the first few weeks to several months of age. Because most angular deformities originate in the carpal (knee) area, this discussion will concentrate on angular deformities centered in the carpal region; however, similar principles apply to angular deformities in the fetlock region and in the hind limb.

AQHA’s FREE Young Horse Joint Health report explains why a condition called osteochondritis dissecans causes more than just normal “growth pains” in young horses.

Normal Development of the Bones of the Forelimb
Since deformities are a result of abnormal bone growth and development, a knowledge of the normal growth and development will be useful in understanding the development of deformities. Growth in the carpal area occurs in three locations. First, the radius grows in length at the distal growth plate (physis). After the radius has grown to its adult size, the physis “closes” and no longer contributes to growth. However, rapid growth occurs up through 8 months of age. Second, the distal end of the radius enlarges at its margins. Third, the carpal bones enlarge in all directions during growth. Abnormalities in growth at any one or more of these locations can result in an angular limb deformity.

Causes of Angular Limb Deformities
Balanced and coordinated growth of bones in the limb is necessary for normal conformation. If growth within a bone is not balanced, the bone becomes abnormally shaped. The joint formed by this bone with adjacent bones then becomes abnormally angulated.

Several conditions that may result in angular limb deformities include:

1. Laxity of collateral ligaments of the affected joint
2. Imbalanced growth across the width of the distal radial growth plate
3. Imbalanced growth of the distal radial epiphysis
4. Abnormal development of the carpal bones
5. Abnormal development of the splint bones
6. Traumatic injury

A foal may have more than one abnormality in a limb.

Evaluation of Foals With Angular Limb Deformities
By identifying the cause of the deformity, the best method of treatment can be selected, and a prognosis for correction of deformity and future soundness can be established. Several factors helpful in diagnosing the cause of the deformity include:

1. The history of the onset and the development of the deformity
2. Physical appearance of the angulated limb
3. The identification of radiographic abnormalities

Angular limb deformities caused by collateral ligament laxity and carpal bone or splint bone underdevelopment (hypoplasia) are often present at birth. Angular limb deformities that develop after birth are usually due to imbalanced growth of the physis or epiphysis.

Protect your horse and pocketbook with the FREE Young Horse Joint Health report.

A physical examination can be helpful in determining the underlying cause of the abnormality. For example, flaring of the metaphyseal region may be associated with imbalanced physeal growth, and joint capsule distention may be associated with carpal bone abnormalities. Radiographs of the limb are evaluated for abnormalities:

1. The degree of angulation of the limb
2. The location of origin of the angulation
3. The size and shape of the bones

Important points to remember regarding angular limb deformities:

1. Many foals are born with mild angular limb deformities and, in most foals, the deformities begin to correct spontaneously within days.
2. Most foals with acquired angular limb deformities respond to regulation of exercise and corrective hoof trimming when the condition is recognized and treated early in its development.
3. Premature and twin foals with angular limb deformities should have their affected limbs radiographed for the detection of carpal and/or splint bone underdevelopment or damage.
4. Any foal that has a worsening angular limb deformity, despite regulation of exercise and corrective hoof trimming, should be evaluated for radiographic abnormalities.

Quarter Horse enthusiast named Merial Stay on Guard spokeswoman.

Lyndsey Tait and Skys Blue Star stay on guard. Merial photo.

From AQHA Corporate Partner Merial

Lyndsey Tait and her American Quarter Horse Skys Blue Star have been together since he was a yearling and she was just 13.

During the decade since the two became partners, they have developed a rare and special bond. Lyndsey, even though she was so young, was the first one to ride Sky. She could also go into his stall while he was napping, and the big gray simply continued to doze with Lyndsey sitting on top of him.

“He was just so quiet and trusted you. He really wanted to please you,” she says. Even when “Sky” grew into his long legs and big ears, towering at 17.2 hands, he remained just as gentle.

Today, with a successful and busy competition schedule including more than 20 shows a year, Lyndsey knows how important it is to help her gelding feel his best. That’s why she and her trainer decided to use Ulcergard (omeprazole) as a part of Sky’s horse show health care routine.

In the AQHA FREE report Laminitis Treatment, you’ll hear a first-hand story about how Dr.  Micheal Steward’s technique took a critically ill horse and gave him renewed life.

“Most of the summer, we are at shows almost every week for at least four to five days, so I understand how it would be stressful for him, especially at longer shows like the (All American Quarter Horse) Congress and (AQHA) World (Championship Show). I want to be sure to prevent stomach ulcers from making him feel bad. Ulcergard really helps, and that’s why I use it.”

In the two years since Sky and Lyndsey were first introduced to Ulcergard, Lyndsey has become a firm believer in the product as a way to help prevent stomach ulcers from occurring. Her positive experience with the product inspired her to enter the Merial Stay on Guard spokesperson contest. She was selected as a finalist in the English division and went on to win. In addition to Lyndsey, three other Stay on Guard spokeswomen were named: Kari Kemper Hickam in the western category, Christina Zehender in the racehorse category and Amie Allen in the veterinarian/veterinary technician category.

Since becoming one of the Stay on Guard spokeswomen, Lyndsey is even more aware of how and why horses are susceptible to stomach ulcers. As Dr. April Knudson, equine specialist for Merial’s Large Animal Veterinary Services explains, “Horses are creatures of habit. When they are removed from their home, loaded into a trailer and taken to a strange place, it can cause stress.¹ The show environment in particular involves a lot of different experiences — including new arenas, unknown barn mates and odd working times. All these things can be stressful.”

Learn about one of the treatments for laminitis, the wooden rocking horseshoe, in AQHA’s FREE report Laminitis Treatment.

A horse’s stomach is already more delicate and susceptible to stress than one might think for such a large animal, says Dr. Knudson.

“A horse’s stomach can produce up to 16 gallons of acid every day.² In a grazing situation, horses have a high roughage diet, which results in a decreased level of acid due to a buffering effect of the grass itself and the horse’s own saliva. Once they are out of that grazing environment, the chance for ulcers to develop increases,”³ she says.

For more information about equine stomach ulcers and how Ulcergard can help prevent them, visit www.ulcergard.com.

About Merial:
Merial is a world-leading, innovation-driven animal health company, providing a comprehensive range of products to enhance the health, well-being and performance of a wide range of animals. Merial employs approximately 5,600 people and operates in more than 150 countries worldwide. Its 2010 sales were more than $2.6 billion. Merial is a Sanofi company.

For more information, please see www.merial.com.

Important Safety Information:
Ulcergard can be used in horses that weight at least 600 pounds. Safety in pregnant mares has not been determined.

1 Ulcergard product label.
² Kitchen DL, Merritt AM, Burrow JA. Histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in horses. AJVR 1998;59(10):1303-1306.
³ Mitchell RD. Prevalence of gastric ulcers in hunter-jumper and dressage horses evaluated for poor performance. Association for Equine Sports Medicine. September 2001.

®Ulcergard is a registered trademark of Merial Limited.
©2011 Merial Limited, Duluth, GA. All rights reserved. EQUIUGD1136 (09/11)

Help your horse stay healthy in colder temperatures.

Horse owners and managers need to pay close attention to their horses’ body condition, particularly as temperatures drop. Journal photo.

From AQHA Corporate Partner Pfizer

Maintaining a healthy horse through rigorous show schedules and mosquito season can be difficult.

However, adding in winter elements such as cooler temperatures, snow and ice can present a whole new set of challenges.

Whether your American Quarter Horse is at a breeding facility, a show barn or pastured, there are steps horse owners and managers can take to manage their horses for optimal health this winter.

Wind and cooler temperatures often mean closed-up facilities. Making sure horses have enough ventilation is important to helping prevent disease. Practicing good barn hygiene, both at home and on the road, can also help protect horses. Whenever possible, avoid sharing water buckets, lip chains, halters or other items that might touch the horse’s mouth, nose and ears. If items have to be shared, be sure to follow proper sanitation and disinfection techniques first. There are a number of commercially available disinfectants, such as ROCCAL® D PLUS and NOLVASAN® SOLUTION that are effective for killing bacteria. Veterinarians also recommend that every barn offer a shallow basin full of properly prepared disinfectant for people to wash their boots before entering or leaving a facility.

Ensuring that a horse has enough water is also important. Horses sometimes tend to drink less when the weather is colder. If a water bucket or trough is frozen, be sure to break and dump out the ice. Keeping the water temperature above 45 degrees F will encourage horses to drink during cold weather.

AQHA’s FREE HYPP Survival Guide will teach you how to be prepared for and deal with a horse affected by HYPP.

Horse owners and managers need to pay close attention to their horses’ body condition all year, but particularly as temperatures drop. In the winter months, horses no longer have the nutrients in lush grass to supplement their diet. Therefore, making sure they have adequate, good-quality hay can help maintain an optimum body score. Depending on the horses’ work schedule, their grain intake may need to be gradually increased or decreased. Any changes in diet should be done gradually and in consultation with a veterinarian first, as sudden changes in diet may increase the risk of colic.

Keeping horses comfortable and body temperature regulated is critical in winter health care management. If a horse gets cold and/or wet, he may have to exert excess digestive energy to keep warm. Blanketing may offer a solution but may not be necessary in some circumstances. If the horse has established a natural winter coat, it acts as its own insulation. However, if it is a show horse who has been clipped or the hair kept shorter to reduce sweating, then blanketing is probably necessary. If a horse is outside and gets wet from snow or rain, it is imperative to put on a dry blanket and to make sure his coat is dry before putting on the blanket. Also, be sure the horse has been properly cooled and his coat is dry after a rigorous workout.

Learn all about this dominant genetic disease in AQHA’s FREE HYPP Survival Guide report.

Having every horse on a routine schedule makes it easier to maintain all year. Barn managers and owners should also work with their veterinarian to implement a strategic deworming program and make sure their horses are current on vaccinations.

Unfortunately, this can be the time of year when upper respiratory disease such as equine influenza virus can become a problem in facilities. The best method for helping protect horses against equine influenza is to have them vaccinated by a veterinarian. Pfizer Animal Health’s FLUVAC INNOVATOR® helps provide protection against equine influenza virus. In addition, FLUVAC INNOVATOR vaccines also contain equine herpesvirus, types 1 and 4, to help protect against rhinopneumonitis.

Maintaining healthy horses in the winter months can present challenges for equine caregivers. As basic as most precautionary measures may seem, they are critical to protecting the overall wellness of each horse and the barn as a whole. Preventative care and basic hygiene also protect a horse’s health when traveling to winter venues where he is exposed to other horses and potential disease. By working with a veterinarian to create a wellness program that incorporates parasite control, vaccinations, routine veterinary care, dental exams, nutritional counseling and barn hygiene, equine caregivers can provide their horses with the best opportunity to achieve optimal health even in the coldest temperatures.

All brands are the property of their respective owners. ©2011 Pfizer Inc. All rights reserved

Have a plan before disaster strikes your barn.

If the pasture has good fencing and limited trees, it is probably best to leave the horses outside during a natural disaster. Journal photo.

By Dr. Dana N. Zimmel, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, for the American Association of Equine Practitioners
 

Hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and fire are the most common natural disasters in the state of Florida. 

Large animals were killed during 1992’s Hurricane Andrew by collapsing barns, electrocution, kidney failure secondary to dehydration and being hit and killed on roadways or tangled in barbed wire after escaping from their pasture.  

Each farm should have a written disaster plan to optimize safety and survival of all animals. 

Learn all of the approved American Quarter Horse colors and the infinite possibilities for your future foals with AQHA’s FREE Coat Color Genetics report. 

Before the Storm  

• Vaccinations: All horses should have a tetanus toxoid vaccine within the last year. Due to the increase in mosquitoes after massive rainfall, all horses should receive West Nile virus and eastern and western equine encephalitis vaccinations at the beginning of hurricane season.
• Coggins test: A negative Coggins test is necessary if the horse needs to be evacuated to a community shelter or cross the state line.
• Health certificate: A health certificate is required to cross the state line. This may be necessary for evacuation of coastal areas.
• Identification: Each horse should be identified with at least one, if not all, of the following: A leather halter with name/farm information in a zip lock bag secured to the halter with duct tape.
• A luggage tag with the horse/farm name and phone number braided into the tail. (Make sure this is waterproof).
• Photos of each horse as proof of ownership highlighting obvious identifying marks.

Evacuation of flood planes and coastal areas is recommended. Evacuation must occur 48 hours before hurricane-force winds occur in the area. Transportation of horses when wind gusts exceed 40 mph is dangerous. Contact the Emergency Evacuation Relocation List at The Sunshine State Horse Council Inc. or call (941) 731-2999 for more information. 

Should horses be left in the pasture or placed in the barn? 

If the pasture has good fencing and limited trees, it is probably best to leave the horses outside. Well-constructed pole barns or concrete-block barns may provide safety from flying debris, but the horses may become trapped if wind collapses the building. 

• Electrical lines: Keep horses out of pastures with power lines.
• Trees with shallow roots will fall easily under hurricane-force winds and can injure the horse or destroy the fencing.
• Fencing: Do not keep horses in barbed wire or electric fencing during a storm.
• Fire ants and snakes will search for high ground during flooding. Carefully look over the premises and feed for these potential dangers.

 Water  

• Each horse should have 12 to 20 gallons per day stored.
• Fill garbage cans with plastic liners and fill all water troughs.
• Have a generator to run the well if you have large numbers of horses.
• Keep chlorine bleach on hand to add to contaminated water, if necessary. To purify water, add two drops of chlorine bleach per quart of water and let stand for 30 minutes.

Feed storage  

Store a minimum of 72 hours of feed and hay (seven days is best). It is very possible that roads will be closed because of downed power lines and trees, limiting access to feed stores. Cover hay with waterproof tarps and place it on pallets. Keep grain in water-tight containers. 

• Secure all movable objects.
• Remove all items from hallways.
• Jumps and lawn furniture should be secured in a safe place.
• Place large vehicles, tractors and trailers in an open field where trees cannot fall on them.
• Turn off electrical power to barn.

The AQHA’s FREEE Coat Color Genetics report is helpful when determining a new foal’s color, and it’s great for science projects and school reports. 

Emergency first-aid kit 

• Bandages (leg wraps and quilts)
• Antiseptics
• Scissors/knife
• Topical antibiotic ointments
• Tranquilizers
• Pain relievers (phenylbutazone or Banamine)
• Flashlight and extra batteries
• Extra halters and lead ropes
• Clean towels
• Fly spray

Emergency Tools 

• Chain saw and fuel
• Hammer and nails
• Fence repair materials
• Wire cutters, tool box, pry bar
• Fire extinguisher
• Duct tape

After the Storm 

Carefully inspect each horse for injury to eyes and limbs. 

Walk the pasture to remove debris. Make sure that no red maple tree braches fell in the pasture. Just a few wilted leaves are very toxic to horses. Clinical signs of red maple toxicity are dark-chocolate-colored gums, anorexia and red urine. 

Inspect the property for downed power lines. 

Take pictures of storm damage. 

If your horse is missing, contact the local animal control or disaster response team. 

For more information regarding general emergency management in the state of Florida, click here. 

You can also find additional emergency information here.